Silver City es una excelente película de John Sayles, de 2004. Esto es lo que dice de ella Roger Ebert:
John
Sayles' "Silver City" can be read as social satire aimed at George W.
Bush -- certainly the film's hero mirrors the Bush quasi-speaking style
-- but it takes wider aim on the entire political landscape we inhabit.
Liberals and conservatives, the alternative press and establishment
dailies, environmentalists and despoilers, are all mixed up in a plot
where it seems appropriate that the hero is a private detective. Even
the good guys are compromised.
Sayles, like Robert Altman, is a master at the tricky art of assembling large casts and keeping all the characters alive. Here, as in his "City of Hope" (1991), he shows how lives can be unexpectedly connected, how hidden agendas can slip in under the radar, how information can travel and wound or kill.
The movie centers on the campaign of Dickie Pilager (Chris Cooper), who is running for governor of Colorado with the backing of his father (Michael Murphy), the state's senior senator. Dickie is the creature of industrial interests who want to roll back pollution controls and penalties, but as the movie opens, he's dressed like an L.L. Bean model as he stands in front of a lake and repeats, or tries to repeat, platitudes about the environment. Cooper deliberately makes him sound as much like George II as possible.
The younger Pilager may be clueless, but he's not powerless. His campaign is being managed by a Karl Rove type named Chuck Raven (Richard Dreyfuss), who tells him what to say and how to say it. There's not always time to explain why to say it. Surrounding the campaign, at various degrees of separation, other characters develop interlocking subplots.
The most important involves the discovery of a dead body in a lake, and the attempts of private eye Danny O'Brien (Danny Huston) to investigate the case. O'Brien is in the tradition of Elliott Gould in Altman's "The Long Goodbye"; he's an untidy, shambling, seemingly distracted, superficially charming loser who often seems to be talking beside the point, instead of on it.
Maria Bello plays Nora Allardyce, a local journalist who used to be involved with Danny. She sniffs a connection between the body and politics. Once she was a fearless reporter for a fearless newspaper, but a conglomerate swallowed up the paper and taught it fear, and now she is an outsider. She's currently engaged to a lobbyist (Billy Zane), who knows where all the bodies are buried and swells with his pleasure in this knowledge. Other important characters include Kris Kristofferson as a millionaire mine owner and polluter, who is funding Pilager's campaign and is one of those gravel-voiced cynics who delight in shocking people with their disdain for conventional wisdom.
The best of the supporting characters is Madeleine Pilager, Dickie's renegade sister, played by Daryl Hannah with audacious boldness. She likes to shock, she likes to upset people, she detests Dickie, and she provides an unexpected connection between the private eye and the campaign manager. Those connections beneath the surface, between people whose lives in theory should not cross, is the organizing principle of Sayles' screenplay; one of the reasons his film is more sad than indignant is that it recognizes how people may be ideologically opposed and yet share unworthy common interests.
Sayles' wisdom of linking a murder mystery to a political satire seems questionable at first, until we see how Sayles uses it, and why. One of his strengths as a writer-director is his willingness to allow uncertainties into his plots. A Sayles movie is not a well-oiled machine rolling inexorably toward its conclusion, but a series of dashes in various directions, as if the plot is trying to find a way to escape a preordained conclusion. There's a dialogue scene near the end of "Silver City" that's a brilliant demonstration of the way he can deflate idealism with weary reality. Without revealing too much about it, I can say that it involves acknowledging that not all problems have a solution, not all wrongs are righted, and sometimes you find an answer and realize it doesn't really answer anything. To solve small puzzle is not encouraging in a world created to generate larger puzzles.
Sayles, like Robert Altman, is a master at the tricky art of assembling large casts and keeping all the characters alive. Here, as in his "City of Hope" (1991), he shows how lives can be unexpectedly connected, how hidden agendas can slip in under the radar, how information can travel and wound or kill.
The movie centers on the campaign of Dickie Pilager (Chris Cooper), who is running for governor of Colorado with the backing of his father (Michael Murphy), the state's senior senator. Dickie is the creature of industrial interests who want to roll back pollution controls and penalties, but as the movie opens, he's dressed like an L.L. Bean model as he stands in front of a lake and repeats, or tries to repeat, platitudes about the environment. Cooper deliberately makes him sound as much like George II as possible.
The younger Pilager may be clueless, but he's not powerless. His campaign is being managed by a Karl Rove type named Chuck Raven (Richard Dreyfuss), who tells him what to say and how to say it. There's not always time to explain why to say it. Surrounding the campaign, at various degrees of separation, other characters develop interlocking subplots.
The most important involves the discovery of a dead body in a lake, and the attempts of private eye Danny O'Brien (Danny Huston) to investigate the case. O'Brien is in the tradition of Elliott Gould in Altman's "The Long Goodbye"; he's an untidy, shambling, seemingly distracted, superficially charming loser who often seems to be talking beside the point, instead of on it.
Maria Bello plays Nora Allardyce, a local journalist who used to be involved with Danny. She sniffs a connection between the body and politics. Once she was a fearless reporter for a fearless newspaper, but a conglomerate swallowed up the paper and taught it fear, and now she is an outsider. She's currently engaged to a lobbyist (Billy Zane), who knows where all the bodies are buried and swells with his pleasure in this knowledge. Other important characters include Kris Kristofferson as a millionaire mine owner and polluter, who is funding Pilager's campaign and is one of those gravel-voiced cynics who delight in shocking people with their disdain for conventional wisdom.
The best of the supporting characters is Madeleine Pilager, Dickie's renegade sister, played by Daryl Hannah with audacious boldness. She likes to shock, she likes to upset people, she detests Dickie, and she provides an unexpected connection between the private eye and the campaign manager. Those connections beneath the surface, between people whose lives in theory should not cross, is the organizing principle of Sayles' screenplay; one of the reasons his film is more sad than indignant is that it recognizes how people may be ideologically opposed and yet share unworthy common interests.
Sayles' wisdom of linking a murder mystery to a political satire seems questionable at first, until we see how Sayles uses it, and why. One of his strengths as a writer-director is his willingness to allow uncertainties into his plots. A Sayles movie is not a well-oiled machine rolling inexorably toward its conclusion, but a series of dashes in various directions, as if the plot is trying to find a way to escape a preordained conclusion. There's a dialogue scene near the end of "Silver City" that's a brilliant demonstration of the way he can deflate idealism with weary reality. Without revealing too much about it, I can say that it involves acknowledging that not all problems have a solution, not all wrongs are righted, and sometimes you find an answer and realize it doesn't really answer anything. To solve small puzzle is not encouraging in a world created to generate larger puzzles.
(Se refiere aquí Ebert a la conversación de Danny con el perro viejo que es el Sheriff—éste le hace ver que revelar a la justicia lo que sabe no haría más que perjudicar a un par de pobres diablos que se han visto mezclados en el asunto por miedo y por presiones, y que a los especuladores y políticos corruptos les va a resbalar el caso por encima como el agua a un pato. Y Danny calla, aunque sí le pasa algunos datos bajo mano a un colega suyo activista anticorrupción).
It's
a good question whether movies like this have any real political
influence. Certainly Sayles is a lifelong liberal and so is his
cinematographer, the great Haskell Wexler. (So are Murphy and Dreyfuss,
for that matter.) They create a character who is obviously intended to
be George W. Bush. How do we know that? Because Dickie Pilager speaks
in short, simplistic sound bites, uses platitudes to conceal his real
objectives and has verbal vertigo. Now, then: Am I attacking the
president with that previous sentence or only describing him? Perhaps
to describe George W.'s speaking style in that way is not particularly
damaging, because America is familiar with the way he talks, and about
half of us are comfortable with it.
That's why "Silver City" may not change any votes. There is nothing in the movie's portrait of Pilager/Bush that has not already been absorbed and discounted by the electorate. Everybody knows that Bush expresses noble thoughts about the environment while his administration labors to license more pollution and less conservation. We know Bush's sponsors include the giant energy companies, and that Enron and Ken Lay were his major contributors before Lay's fall from grace. So when Dickie Pillager is revealed as the creature of anti-environment conglomerates, it comes as old news.
The movie's strength, then, is not in its outrage, but in its cynicism and resignation. There is something honest and a little brave about the way Sayles refuses to provide closure at the end of his movie. Virtue is not rewarded, crime is not punished, morality lies outside the rules of the game, and because the system is rotten, no one who plays in it can be entirely untouched. Some characters are better than others, some are not positively bad, but their options are limited, and their will is fading. Thackeray described Vanity Fair as "a novel without a hero." Sayles has made this film in the same spirit -- so much so, that I'm reminded of the title of another Victorian novel, The Way We Live Now.
That's why "Silver City" may not change any votes. There is nothing in the movie's portrait of Pilager/Bush that has not already been absorbed and discounted by the electorate. Everybody knows that Bush expresses noble thoughts about the environment while his administration labors to license more pollution and less conservation. We know Bush's sponsors include the giant energy companies, and that Enron and Ken Lay were his major contributors before Lay's fall from grace. So when Dickie Pillager is revealed as the creature of anti-environment conglomerates, it comes as old news.
The movie's strength, then, is not in its outrage, but in its cynicism and resignation. There is something honest and a little brave about the way Sayles refuses to provide closure at the end of his movie. Virtue is not rewarded, crime is not punished, morality lies outside the rules of the game, and because the system is rotten, no one who plays in it can be entirely untouched. Some characters are better than others, some are not positively bad, but their options are limited, and their will is fading. Thackeray described Vanity Fair as "a novel without a hero." Sayles has made this film in the same spirit -- so much so, that I'm reminded of the title of another Victorian novel, The Way We Live Now.
La película es una auténtica obra de arte, a pesar de algún punto flojo en el guión y algún uso extremado de la coincidencia—lo es por las interpretaciones de los personajes, y por lo magistralmente que están llevadas las conversaciones, con una densidad de información y una significación potentes en cada frase, a la vez que no se pierde para nada la naturalidad de los diálogos. Las posturas políticas y existenciales de los personajes se hacen diálogo de la manera más vívida, y cada uno aporta a cada momento a la conversación unas palabras que lo retratan en relieve, y que a la vez resuenan con ecos de posiciones y actitudes políticas que van mucho más allá de la individualidad. Son personajes significativos e históricos de una manera que Lukács teorizó pero que quizá jamás soñó se haría tan vívida. De la caricatura a Bush esté llevado con especial crueldad el tema de la relación entre Bush padre y Bush hijo, nunca dando la talla.
Y también es muy significativo el final, que como se verá lo enfatiza Ebert en su originalidad. Termina la película con Danny reanudando su relación con Nora: él sin trabajo, ella trabajando ahora para un periódico de la Bentel Corporation, el Malo; o sea, vendidos al sistema, quieran que no. El cuerpo del ahogado se envía a México y ahí se cierra el caso; el supuesto asesinato se ha quedado en un accidente mal llevado, y los malos ni siquiera son tan malos como podíamos haber pensado, aunque mafia e intimidación e hilos ocultos desde luego hay más de los que parecía. Las falsedades de Pilager y Benteen parecen salir a la luz pública en el momento final, cuando el lago que iba a ser el centro de la urbanización de Silver City aparece envenenado y lleno de peces muertos—pero una reflexión nos llevará a ver que pronto encontrará Chuck Raven, el Rubalcaba del partido de Pilager, una manera de reconducir la situación. Pilager evidentemente será gobernador, y Benteen seguirá controlando los lobbies a nivel nacional incluso y manejando la situación desde la sombra. Hasta el inútil marido de la detective, fracasado en todos sus empeños, y que parece encaminarse de neuvo a la ruina, sacará seguramente parte de la tajada que espera, si no toda.
Por cierto, la detective, su jefa, le dice a Danny una de las más memorables frases de la película, cuando lo despide:
Danny—¿Cómo has dado conmigo?
Ella—Soy detective.
Danny—Pensaba que eras investigadora.
Ella—Tú eres investigador. Yo soy detective. Y una de las cosas que tiene que hacer un investigador es no encontrar más cosas de las que se le dicen que encuentre.
La película es, pues, desengañada, como bien dice Roger Ebert. Los buenos son unos losers, perdedores, al menos desde el punto de vista de quien se lleva el dienro; el viejo minero que intentó exponer a Wes Benteen se despide diciendo: "No tiene por qué preocuparse por mí. Sé reconocer cuando estoy derrotado." Benteen le pregunta directamente a Danny si es un ganador, y Danny dice "Espero", pero vemos que no lo cree mucho, y la película le da la razón. La película espera crear su efecto (anti-Bush en 2004, y anti-lobbies industriales) no por entusiasmo sino por reacción; pero desespera, casi, de hacerlo, y se posiciona a sí misma, y posiciona al espectador, en el papel del periodista underground, el que denuncia en su web las cosas que luego, con un poco de suerte, pueden saltar a los grandes medios. Pero siempre ya desde la derrota, en un ambiente que está organizado y construido por los constructores de países y ciudades, los grandes capitalistas como Benteen. La corrupción no es combatible: es inherente a la manera en que funciona la clase política y en que está estructurado el uso del poder, y eso es así en los USA, el modelo de la democracia para el mundo. La verborrea democrática e idealista va dirigida a encubrir estos aspectos inconvenientes del sistema.
Silver City, la urbanización en antiguo terreno minero es, claro, el emblema de los USA. Originalmente una colonia minera del Oeste en el XIX, abandonada tras la fiebre de la plata, luego enterrada bajo detritus industriales de décadas, y ahora "reciclada" para reconstruir en ella una ficción de naturaleza y de las Rocosas habitadas armónicamente por el hombre. Pero toda la ponzoña de la industria química sigue debajo, aunque sólo algunos sean conscientes de ello. Sayles hace así una película de activista desengañado, y a la vez sabedor de su lugar marginal, involucrado en el sistema al que critica. Como en el Cándido de Voltaire, Danny se retira a cultivar su jardín, y quizá mantenga "la llama de la rebelión" en privado, pero es posible que su siguiente empleo dependa de alguna compañía de Benteen. Nos deja la película la satisfacción moral de sabernos almas bellas, pero con la impotencia que acompaña a tal condición. Invitándonos, incluso, a reconocerlo, y a convertir nuestro descontento en una actitud más estético-existencial que política. Aunque Sayles se ve a sí mismo, claramente, como el periodista underground, el que mantiene la antorcha de la crítica y es la mosca cojonera de los poderosos, mostrando las conexiones inconfesables de intereses que mantienen al establishment siendo lo que es, y al dinero circulando hacia donde tiene que circular.
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