Focalización y representación del pensamiento

Un libro y capítulo sobre narratología donde me citan, más su traducción española:

Martínez-Falero, Luis. (U Complutense de Madrid). "Character Focalisation and Thought Presentation: A Perspective from Cognitive Theory and Narratology." In Narrative Intersubjectivity and Storyworld Possible Selves. Ed. M.-Á. Marteínez. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, forthcoming 2024.

_____. "Focalización en los personajes y representación del pensamiento: Una perspectiva desde la teoría cognitiva y la narratología." Online at ResearchGate

         https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377983287

         2024

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Hypothetical Focalization

 

A chapter from Semiosphere of Narratology:

Andersson, Greger. "Postclassical Narratology vs. Poetics: David Herman's 'Hypothetical Focalization' as Test Case." In СЕМИОСФЕРА НАРРАТОЛОГИИ: ДИАЛОГ ЯЗЫКОВ И КУЛЬТУР / Semiosphere of Narratology: A Dialogue of Languages and Cultures. Ed. Ludmila Tataru and José Angel García Landa. Balashov: Nikolayev, 2013. 7-24.*

_____. "Postclassical Narratology vs. Poetics: David Herman's 'Hypothetical Focalization' as Test Case." Online at Örebro University Publications.*

         http://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A700412&dswid=254

         2022

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Me cita Nitsche

En este artículo sobre la focalización en los videojuegos.

Nitsche, Michael. (Georgia Institute of Technology; michael.nitsche@gatech.edu). "Focalization in 3D Videogames." Online at Academia.*

         https://www.academia.edu/2976329/

         2019

_____. "Mapping Time in Video Games." From Situated Play: Proceedings of DIGRA Conference, 2007. Online at Academia.*

         https://www.academia.edu/2976335/

         2019

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The Experiencing I and the Narrating I

Or: the character and the narrator, or the past self and the retrospecting self. While they are common in many narratives, these two textual subjects experience a twist in Jack London's Before Adam. Here the narrating self is a modern human, who through a kind of racial memory relives in dreams or visions the experiences of Big Tooth, his pre-human alter ego in the remote Paleolithic. There is a nice division of narrative work between the focalizer (Big Tooth), who lacks language but not perception, and the narrator, who masters language but relies on Big Tooth for the perceptions and experiences he is trying to narrate (and verbalize, and translate). E.g. the beginning of ch. XI:

It must be remembered that the description I have just given of the Swift One is not the description that would have been given by Big-Tooth, my other self of my dreams, my prehistoric ancestor. It is by the medium of my dreams that I, the modern man, look through the eyes of Big-Tooth and see.

And so it is with much that I narrate of the events of that far-off time. There is a duality about my impressions that is too confusing to inflict upon my readers. I shall merely pause here in my narrative to indicate this duality, this perplexing mixing of personality. It is I, the modern, who look back across the centuries and weigh and analyze the emotions and motives of Big-Tooth, my other self. He did not bother to weigh and analyze. He was simplicity itself. He just lived events, without ever pondering why he lived them in his particular and often erratic way.

As I, my real self, grew older, I entered more and more into the substance of my dreams. One may dream, and even in the midst of the dream be aware that he is dreaming, and if the dream be bad, comfort himself with the thought that it is only a dream. This is a common experience with all of us. And so it was that I, the modern, often entered into my dreaming, and in the consequent strange dual personality was both actor and spectator. And right often have I, the modern, been perturbed and vexed by the foolishness, illogic, obtuseness, and general all-round stupendous stupidity of myself, the primitive.
And one thing more, before I end this digression. Have you ever dreamed that you dreamed? Dogs dream, horses dream, all animals dream. In Big-Tooth's day the half-men dreamed, and when the dreams were bad they howled in their sleep. Now I, the modern, have lain down with Big-Tooth and dreamed his dreams.

Vagabundos de las estrellas

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Focalization

We're being quoted in the definition of "Focalization" at Omnilexica. I cut and paste that section of the page:

Definition of the noun focalization

What does focalization mean as a name of something?

noun - plural: focalizations

1. the confinement of an infection to a limited area
   • lexical domain: Natural Processes - nouns denoting natural processes
   • alternative spelling: focalisation
   • more generic word: pathogenesis = the origination and development of a disease
2. the act of bringing into focus
   • lexical domain: Acts - nouns denoting acts or actions
   • alternative spelling: focalisation
   • synonym of focalization: focusing
   • more generic word: intensification = action that makes something stronger or more extreme
   • more specific word: refocusing = focusing again

Alternative definition of the noun focalization

noun

1. [context: literature] The perspective through which a narrative is presented
2. [optics] Putting into focus

Explanation

Focalization is a term coined by the French narrative theorist Gerard Genette. It refers to the perspective through which a narrative is presented. For example, a narrative where all information presented reflects the subjective perception of a certain character is said to be internally focalized. An omniscient narrator corresponds to zero focalization. External focalization - camera eye. A novel in which no simple rules restrict the transition between different focalizations could be said to be unfocalized, but specific relationships between basic types of focalization constitute more complex focalization strategies; for example, a novel could provide external focalization alternating with internal focalizations through three different characters, where the second character is never focalized except after the first, and three other characters are never focalized at all. The specific domain of literary theory which deals with focalization is narratology, and it concerns not only distinctions between subjective and objective focalizations but various gradations between them, such as free indirect discourse, style indirect libre, or quasi-direct discourse.

Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Focalization

Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):

Narratology (2014)

An Introduction by Jose Angel Garcia Landa, Susanna Onega

Focalization is the relationship between the 'vision,' the agent that sees, and that which is seen.

Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization (2009)

Modeling Mediation in Narrative by Peter Hühn, Wolf Schmid, Jörg Schönert

And Bal also says: “ Focalization is the relationship between the 'vision', the agent that sees, and that which is ...

Learning from Experience (2002)

Minority Identities, Multicultural Struggles by Paula M. L. Moya

Focalization refers to the mediation (the prism, perspective, or angle of vision) through which a story is presented by a narrator in the text. As such, it describes a relationship between the " 'vision,' the agent that sees, and that which is seen" ...

Health [a Monthly Devoted to the Cause and Cure of Disease] (1906)

Focalization is a consistent exercise of the will. It fulfills opportunities and refuses to yield to adverse impressions, although the necessity appears inevitable. Thus, when the lights grow dim, the aged imagine that it is necessary to use glasses ...

Stylistics (1997)

by Richard Bradford

Focalization is the literary-critical version of the general linguistic concept of ideational meaning: the mental image generated by the words (Jakobson uses the term 'referential' to account for the same process). Open any novel at random, ...

Cognitive Economics (2007)

by Bernard Walliser

Focalization is a switch in the behavior of agents who tend to respond to ...

Work with Parents (2000)

Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents by John Tsiantis

The focus Focalization is a main feature in all forms of brief therapies. While it generally refers to an active search for a central constellation that the therapist tries to capture, one can say that a focus is always the result of joint forces, where the ...

Mind-training (1905)

A Practical System for Developing Self-confidence, Memory, Mental Concentration and Character by Victor Gabriel Rocine

Focalization is the act of a trained mind.

Narrative Criticism of the New Testament (2005)

An Introduction by James L. Resseguie

Focalization is a useful concept in modern literature that uses the “free indirect style” of narration where a narrative represents a character's thoughts and feelings without the usage of quotation marks. See H. Porter Abbott, The Cambridge ...

Double Exposures (1996)

The Subject of Cultural Analysis by Mieke Bal

Focalization is the relation between the vision narrated and the object represented.“ It is the inflection the telling or showing subject brings to the perception of the object. This could appear to be a reversal ofthe narrative strategy that obscures ...

Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory (2010)

by David Herman, Manfred Jahn, Marie-Laure Ryan

Conceived of as a primary trigger for *authors, narrators, and readers alike, focalization is here seen as a foundational process both in storytelling and in storyunderstanding, not, as in itsclassical conception, asasecondary filter restricting the ...

The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (2008)

by Chris Baldick

focalization The term used in modern *narratology for '*point of view'; that is, for the kind of perspective from which the events of a story are witnessed. Events observed by a traditional * omniscient ...

A Dictionary of Stylistics (2014)

by Katie Wales

focalization is used in the study of literary NARRATIVE and DISCOURS(E) for what is also known, in similar metaphorical terms, as PERSPECTIVE or POINT OF VIEW. As Shlomith Rimmon- Kenan ...

The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism (1995)

by Joseph Childers, Gary Hentzi

DOUBLE FOCALIZATION. Double focalization occurs when an event or situation is presented in a narrative through ...

Dictionary of the Theatre (1998)

Terms, Concepts, and Analysis by Patrice Pavis, Christine Shantz

See HAMARTIA FOCALIZATION Fr.: focalisation; Ger.: Fokalisierung, Fokuslenkung; Sp.: focalizacion. Stress placed by the author on an action according to a particular point of view, in order to underscore its relevance. This essentially epic ...

Encyclopedia of the Novel (2014)

by Paul Schellinger

Focalization is also crucial tofirstperson (homodiegetic) narrative since thenarrator, as a character, has similarly limited access to information. Another manipulation of ...

The Westminster Dictionary of New Testament and Early Christian Literature and Rhetoric (2003)

by David Edward Aune

Focalization Continuum Individual -> Group -> City-state —> Nation —> Group of nations -> Known world Chronological Continuum Origins —> Early history —> Recent history —> Present day. city-states, did not yet exist in the mid-5th cent.

Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada (2002)

by William H. New

and 'focalization' ( the strategy that suggests whose perspective is actually being transmitted).

The American Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Ophthalmology (1915)

by Casey Albert Wood

Focalization. The art or process of bringing ...

Más sobre punto de vista y estructura narrativa