The Experiencing I and the Narrating I

Or: the character and the narrator, or the past self and the retrospecting self. While they are common in many narratives, these two textual subjects experience a twist in Jack London's Before Adam. Here the narrating self is a modern human, who through a kind of racial memory relives in dreams or visions the experiences of Big Tooth, his pre-human alter ego in the remote Paleolithic. There is a nice division of narrative work between the focalizer (Big Tooth), who lacks language but not perception, and the narrator, who masters language but relies on Big Tooth for the perceptions and experiences he is trying to narrate (and verbalize, and translate). E.g. the beginning of ch. XI:

It must be remembered that the description I have just given of the Swift One is not the description that would have been given by Big-Tooth, my other self of my dreams, my prehistoric ancestor. It is by the medium of my dreams that I, the modern man, look through the eyes of Big-Tooth and see.

And so it is with much that I narrate of the events of that far-off time. There is a duality about my impressions that is too confusing to inflict upon my readers. I shall merely pause here in my narrative to indicate this duality, this perplexing mixing of personality. It is I, the modern, who look back across the centuries and weigh and analyze the emotions and motives of Big-Tooth, my other self. He did not bother to weigh and analyze. He was simplicity itself. He just lived events, without ever pondering why he lived them in his particular and often erratic way.

As I, my real self, grew older, I entered more and more into the substance of my dreams. One may dream, and even in the midst of the dream be aware that he is dreaming, and if the dream be bad, comfort himself with the thought that it is only a dream. This is a common experience with all of us. And so it was that I, the modern, often entered into my dreaming, and in the consequent strange dual personality was both actor and spectator. And right often have I, the modern, been perturbed and vexed by the foolishness, illogic, obtuseness, and general all-round stupendous stupidity of myself, the primitive.
And one thing more, before I end this digression. Have you ever dreamed that you dreamed? Dogs dream, horses dream, all animals dream. In Big-Tooth's day the half-men dreamed, and when the dreams were bad they howled in their sleep. Now I, the modern, have lain down with Big-Tooth and dreamed his dreams.

Vagabundos de las estrellas

—oOo—