Notes taken by José Angel García Landa, c. 1985.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Biographia Literaria: or Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions. Edited with an introduction by George Watson. (Everyman's Library; Essays, 11). London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.; New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. Inc., 1975. XXIV, 303 p.
Introduction by George Watson
Biographia Literaria is an answer to "Wordsworth's" 1800 preface to Lyrical Ballads, inspired by himself. —> (x): "the sharpness of a middle-aged man disagreeing with his youth". In the Preface, 2 questions: the relationship of the language and of the subjects of poetry to those of ordinary life. Biographia was in the making since 1800, written 1815, published 1817. Deliberate biographical form, adapted to himself, intense personalism, admits the fragmentary and inconclusive. Letter to Richard Sharp, 16 Jan. 1804: (xii): "Imagination, or the modifying power in the highest sense of the word, in which I have ventured to oppose it to Fancy, or the aggregating power". For Wordsworth, it was an incisive restatement of an ancient value-judgment. Biographia Literaria was dismissed by reviewers and Wordsworth, but appreciated by Keats and Shelley. (xix): "Design and purpose have been denied in it, and yet its greatest originality is its design"; " (xix) "he suceeds for the first and (so far) for the last time in English criticism in marrying the twin studies of philosophy and literature, not simply by writing about both within the bounds of a single book or by insisting that such a marriage should be, but in discovering a causal link between the two in the century-old preoccupation of English critics with the theory of the poet's imagination." Chapters 10 & 11 are "a lamentable exhibition of cold feet". Too fussy. Concern with imagination comes from Hobbes & Dryden in the 17th c., but (xx) "Hobbes was too much of a professional philosopher to indulge his literary interests except as a hobby; Dryden too much of a professional man of letters to offfer more than a brilliant aside on the subject; and the eighteenth-century aestheticians (Addison, Burke, Kames Reynolds, Beattie and many others) were dilettants in criticism, coiners of theories that never found currency. Johnson managed to write the critical masterpiece of the age, the Lives of the Poets, without once referring to the theories of any of them." The 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads starts a new aesthetic.
Coleridge vs. criticism as evaluation. His aim: "to reduce criticism to a system by the deduction of causes from principles involved in our faculties" (Coleridge).
Biographia Literaria
1. The superiority of an austerer and more natural style. Homer & Demosthenes, over Virgil & Cicero. Poetry has a logic of its own as severe as that of science: "to the truly great poets ... there is a reason assignable not only for every word, but for the position of every word."
To be continued...