Because the universal experts operate
on a level of considerable abstraction from the vicissitudes of
everyday life, both others and they themselves may conclude that their
theories have no relation whatever to the ongoing life of the society,
but exist in a sort of Platonic heaven of ahistorical and asocial
ideation. This is, of course, an illusion, but it can have great
socio-historical potency, by virtue of the relationship between the
reality-defining and the reality-producing process. (135)
Se refieren Berger y Luckmann, entre otras cosas, a que la representación de la realidad (la definición de la realidad y la teorización sobre ella se cuentan entre las más influyentes formas de representación) también modela la realidad social, y proporciona mapas y modelos de la realidad que orientan la acción sobre la realidad así como otras representaciones de la realidad.
A second consequence
is a strengthening of traditionalism in the institutionalized actions
thus legitimated, that is, a strengthening of the inherent tendency of
institutionalization towards inertia. (....)
The emergence of full-time personnel for universe-maintaining legitimation also brings with it occasions for social conflict. Some of this conflict is between experts and practitioners. The latter, for reasons that need not be belaboured, may come to resent the experts' grandiose pretensions and the concrete social privileges that accompany them. What is likely to be particularly galling is the experts' claim to know the ultimate significance of the practitioners' activity better than the practitioners themselves. (....)
This brings us to another, equally important, possibility of conflict—that between rival coteries of experts. (135-6)
The emergence of full-time personnel for universe-maintaining legitimation also brings with it occasions for social conflict. Some of this conflict is between experts and practitioners. The latter, for reasons that need not be belaboured, may come to resent the experts' grandiose pretensions and the concrete social privileges that accompany them. What is likely to be particularly galling is the experts' claim to know the ultimate significance of the practitioners' activity better than the practitioners themselves. (....)
This brings us to another, equally important, possibility of conflict—that between rival coteries of experts. (135-6)
¿Y cómo se han de resolver los conflictos entre doctrinas, en particular cuando se resuelven a cuestiones transcendentales, teológicas o metafísicas, que escapan a la experiencia común? Puede utilizarse la argumentación, y se usa abundantemente, pero no es eso lo que decide el triunfo de las doctrinas. Berger y Luckmann son pragmáticos desilusionados en este sentido: es el ejercicio del poder, del control y de la autoridad política lo que decide la resolución de las disputas sobre la naturaleza de la realidad, al menos en el espacio público—(y apuntemos que el espacio privado se construye en gran medida por interiorización del espacio público). Son las legitimaciones toleradas o promovidas por el poder las que acaban definiendo la naturaleza de la realidad. Al menos la realidad públicamente reconocida:
By its very nature such argumentation
does not carry the inherent conviction of pragmatic success. What is
convincing to a man may not be to another. We cannot really blame such
theoreticians if they resort to various sturdier supports for the frail
power of mere argument—such as, say, getting the authorities to employ
armed might to enforce one argument against its competitors. In other
words, definitions of reality may be enforced by the police. This,
incidentally, need not mean that such definitions will remain less
convincing than those accepted 'voluntarily'—power in society includes
the power to determine decisive socialization processes and, therefore,
the power to produce reality.
In any case, highly abstract symbolizations (that is, theories greatly
removed from the concrete experience of everyday life) are validated by
social rather than empirical support. It is possible to say that in
this manner a pseudo-pragmatism is reintroduced. The theories may again
be said to be convincing because they work—
work, that is, in the sense of having become standard,
taken-for-granted knowledge in the society in question. (137)
Con esta cuestión de las definiciones oficiales de la realidad, y su cuestionamiento marginal, estaba relacionado mi artículo sobre el Evangelio de Judas—un libro que cuestiona la definición de la realidad de la ideología cristiana mayoritaria de su tiempo.
—oOo—
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